Asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri, is considered the most important citrus pest worldwide, as it transmits huanglongbing serious citrus disease. Use of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae. New efficient and sustainable strategies to control this pest have been investigated and the use of entomopathogenic fungi. Liviidae, is the vector of the pathogen, candidatus liberibacter asiaticus that causes huanglongbing hlb or citrus greening disease, the serious threats to citrus industry worldwide. The entomopathogenic fungi reduced the adult table 1. Psyllidae is a major pest of citrus and cvpd disease vectors. Past and present projects by pasco avery, emily duren and ron cave entomopathogenic fungi research laboratory, irrec. Observations on the entomopathogenic fungus hirsutella citriformis 123. If parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi use the same insect species. Pdf use of the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana. Perspectives to the use of entomopathogenic fungi for. Susceptibilities of candidatus liberibacter asiaticusinfected and noninfected diaphorina citri to entomopathogenic fungi and their detoxification enzyme activities under different temperatures. Two virulent fungal strains, isaria fumosorosea esalq1296 and beauveria bassiana esalqpl63, were selected among.
Also tamarixia radiata from pakistan is most active during warmer periods of the growing season for. The asian citrus psyllid acp, diaphorina citri kuwayama hemiptera. The asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama hemiptera. Field efficacy of autodissemination and foliar sprays of. Research open access use of the entomopathogenic fungi. Related fungi attack and kill other invertebrates e. Cordycipitaceae in controlling the adult citrus psyllid of d. Liviidae through the use of entomopathogenic fungi epf in commercial orchards. The potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli sulc, is a pest of potato, tomato, and some other solanaceous vegetables and has also been incriminated in the transmission of a bacterial pathogen, candidatus liberibacter solanacearum, resulting in a serious disease known as zebra chip. The asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri, is an important pest of citrus, which transmits the disease huanglongbing with devastating effects on the citrus industry around the world. Liviidae is a major pest of has emerged as an alternative to control psyllid citrus mainly because it is the vector of candi populations hall 2008. In the present study, two fungal strains of beauveria bassiana and one strain of isaria fumosorosea were. Asian citrus psyllid and huanglongbing surendra dara.
Insecticidal control is likely to be more effective than biological control in reducing psyllid populations and reducing disease spread. Diaphorina citri kuwayama is a global pest of citrus that transmits the bacteria associated with the disease, huanglongbing. Sometimes we may indistinguish between the two fungal pathogens there by we canot diagnosis the correct entomopathogenic fungi for the responsible disease in insect the actual cause of many diseases is difficult to determine. Biological control of diaphorina citri kuwayama using the parasitoid tamarixia radiata waterston or entomopathogenic fungi has been attempted, but there have been few published studies on their potential interactions when used together. Entomopathogenic fungi are commonly applied as inundative sprays to protect plants against insect pests. Iss 18992 interactions of adjuvants on adhesion and. Since they are considered natural mortality agents and environmentally safe, there is worldwide interest in the use and manipulation of entomopathogenic fungi for biological control of insects and other arthropod pests. The objective of this chapter is to present an overview of the disease and its cause, of the vector with respect to its biology, host range and pest status, of the control and integrated pest management of d. Entomopathogenic fungi and the parasitoid tamarixia radiata waterston are important biological control agents of this pest and likely to interact in d. Methods for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from the. Pathogenicity of local isolates entomophatogenic fungi to diaphorina citri kuwayama vector of cvpd disease nadrawati faculty of agriculture, university of bengkulu, indonesia abstract diaphorina citri hemiptera.
Observations on the entomopathogenic fungus hirsutella. Oviposition behavior and survival of tamarixia radiata. The asian citrus psyllid diaphorina citri kuwayama is a destructive insect pest in citriculture, because it is an efficient vector of the proteobacteria candidatus liberibacter asiaticus las, ca. Field trial of aqueous and emulsion preparations of. Biology of entomopathogenic fungi the entomopathogenic fungi have life cycles that synchronize with insect host stages and environmental conditions. Mean number of diaphorina citri nymphs per bud treated with the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae ma, cordyceps bassiana cb and isaria fumosorosea ifr under.
Susceptibilities of candidatus liberibacter asiaticus. Pdf field trial of aqueous and emulsion preparations of. The insect has a narrow host range consisting of plants in the family rutaceae, including citrus and citrus relatives such as orange jasmine, murraya paniculata l. Methods for isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from the soil environment laboratory manual, january 2007 deliverable 5. Although there are several reports of fungal pathogens in psyllids, there are none from b. Efficacy of two spraying strategies for asian citrus psyllid management using fungal biopesticides pasco avery, emily duren, robert adair, matt adair, jr. These bacteria cause the huanglongbing disease or greening or yellow dragon disease. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of rab to infection and subsequent death by exposure to three commercial strains of entomopathogenic fungi two strains of isaria fumosorosea. Control relies mainly on synthetic pesticides, but biological control using entomopathogenic fungi may provide an. Pathogenicity of local isolates entomophatogenic fungi to.
Potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli, is a serious pest of potato and other solanaceous vegetables in the united states, mexico, central america, and new zealand and is responsible for transmission of candid. The overall conclusion of the sp is that the probability of controlling hlb using biological control is low. Entomopathogenic fungi hypocreales for control of potato. Development and field validation of a system for autodissemination of entomopathogenic fungi to control the asian citrus psyllid on residential citrus andrew chow1, joseph m. The asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri, is the most serious threat to citrus crops worldwide, and its management relies exclusively on frequent applications of chemical insecticides. The redbay ambrosia beetle rab, xyleborus glabratus, is a woodboring insect that vectors the fungal pathogen, raffaelea lauricola, which causes laurel wilt, a lethal disease of avocado. Pasco avery, emily duren and ron cave entomopathogenic. Oviposition behavior and survival of tamarixia radiata hymenoptera. The asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri ku other hand the use of entomopathogenic fungi wayama hemiptera. In broad terms, the differences between hyphomycetes and zygomycetes, particu. Control relies mainly on synthetic pesticides, but biological control using entomopathogenic fungi may provide an alternative strategy. Eulophidae, an ectoparasitoid of the asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri hemiptera. The asian citrus psyllid diaphorina citri kuwayama is a destructive insect pest in. Unlike other biopesticides such as bacteria and viruses, entomopathogenic fungi do not have to be ingested to cause infection, making them valuable as biological control agents.
Their use as biological control agents and safety issues will also be discussed. Entomopathogenic fungi are one agent that can be used to control pests. Results from monthly sampling of the psyllid over a period of one year established that the leucaena psyllid, h. Awpm programs for the asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama hemiptera. As a basis for interaction studies, we determined the susceptibility of nymphs and adults. In vivo selection of entomopathogenic fungal isolates for. Their artificial establishment as fungal endophytes to provide other benefits to the host plants aside mere protection against the primary pests has also been widely demonstrated. Entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents for. Biological control of diaphorina citri hermosillo, sonora. Natural prevalence % of fungi on live adults in central veracruz summer and southern tamaulipas fall were. Use of the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana.
Prevalence of an entomopathogenic fungus, hirsutella. Chapter 1 entomopathogenic fungi and their role in biological control authors. Abstract the potato psyllid, bactericera cockerelli sulc, is a pest of potato, tomato, and some other solanaceous vegetables and has also been incriminated in the transmission of a bacterial pathogen, candidatus liberibacter solanacearum, resulting in a serious disease known as zebra chip. Meyling department of ecology, faculty of life sciences, university of copenhagen, thorvaldsensvej 40, dk1871 frederiksberg c, denmark. On the average, 23% of adults observed on mature leaves. Some entomopathogenic fungi species, isaria fumosorosea, and hirsutella citriformis were found to be efficient against the asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama hemiptera. Entomopathogenic fungi to control diaphorina citri 43. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the entomopathogenic fungi epf. Characterisation of entomopathogenic fungi used in the. Interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and tamarixia. However, the susceptibility to these fungi increases when the psyllid infected with candidatus liberibacter asiaticus las, which is transmitted by d. Entomopathogenic fungi play a major role in regulating insect populations in many ecosystems. Entomopathogenicity of three muscardine fungi, beauveria bassiana, isaria fumosorosea and metarhizium anisopliae, against the asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama hemiptera. However, the susceptibility to these fungi increases when the psyllidinfectedwithcandidatus liberibacterasiaticuslas,whichistransmittedby.
Field trial of aqueous and emulsion preparations of entomopathogenic fungi against the asian citrus psyllid hemiptera. Entomopathogenic fungi may play an important role for regulating this citrus pest. Entomopathogenic fungi hypocreales for control of potato psyllid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the entomopathogenic fungi epf beauveria bassiana hyphomycetes. Entomopathogenic fungi and their role in biological control. Although some reports suggest a mode of infection through the siphon tips or gut of insect larvae lacey et al. Endophytic beauveria bassiana in foliartreated citrus.